what did the commune system do to farm output which cause a lack of food in china
Plenty food is produced worldwide to feed all the people in the world (Leathers, p. 133). Yet, despite this alarming truth, nearly 1 billion people are suffering from chronic hunger today. There are a broad range of factors that contribute to this problem, just mayhap one of the almost significant is poor food distribution.
Figure 1. Amount of Food Produced, How Used and How Much Received. The amount of food calories beingness produced fulfills and exceeds the minimum amount needed per person. Nevertheless, because of waste material and loss, the amount of food calories bachelor for consumption falls short of that minimum.
Data is from Saving Water: From Field to Fork Curbing Losses and Wastage in the Nutrient Chain past Stockholm International Water Institute (2008), retrieved on Nov 29th 2010 from http://www.siwi.org/documents/Resources/Papers/Paper_13_Field_to_Fork.pdf.
The goal of food distribution is non only to connect the producers, such every bit farmers and fishermen, to consumers, simply also to allocate the food accordingly. Challenges arise in deciding how the nutrient volition exist distributed among the people, who has the power of distribution, and what methods should be used for distribution. The establishment of markets in which producers direct sell their nutrient to consumers is the most traditional method of distribution. Even so, due to many cases of inefficiency, nutrient is normally transported to a primal location and then distributed to outer cities and villages.
Retrieved November 2010 from: http://viewology.net/thai-hat-yai-klonghae-floating-market-pictures/622/)
Consumers have difficulty purchasing food because of their inability to access markets and/or their disability to beget the costs. On the other end, farmers cannot sell their produce for the similar reasons. Therefore, the main problems with the current distribution system are the lack of markets, the inadequacy of transportation to markets, and the inability to beget the costs of production and consumption.
In our electric current system of food distribution, the number of markets and means to access those markets is inadequate. Most 16% of the rural populations in developing countries lack convenient access to a marketplace, which typically causes farmers not to sell their crops. In fact, it is estimated that at nearly 40% of the any ingather is marketed and only ane-third of farmers sell to markets (World Hunger Series). To increment both farmers' and consumers' access to markets, nosotros adult the concept of Mobile Markets, a market on a locomotive that will travel betwixt various rural areas and cities.
In developing nations, transportation is often very limited. There are few high quality roads or railways to transport goods and people to the centralized markets. Transportation routes are expensive and near exclusively require public funding and public maintenance. Poorly maintained roads are a huge trouble in many regions, especially in rural Africa where the poor roads make an area inaccessible and delay whatsoever move of goods. One consequence with transportation is the extremely variable geography and climate in each region. Each type of transportation is more effective in sure areas than in others, so solutions must be formed on a local level by critically examining the geography too as the available resources of the regions. Some solutions for increasing access to transportation are the Roads in South asia and South-East Asia and Roads in Sub-Saharan Africa plans.
(Retrieved November 2010 from: http://www.flickr.com/photos/gbaku/2401983354/sizes/o/in/photostream/)
Some other major trouble that needs to be addressed is the extent of waste matter that occurs mail-harvest and during transport. Most of the produce is very perishable: information technology is susceptible to bacteria, insects, and fungus that rot the food and contaminate information technology with disease, rendering the food inedible. It is estimated that 25%-50% of all nutrient produced is wasted. In India about 7% annually of grain and 30% of fruit and vegetables produced are wasted due to lack of proper storage systems (Murthy, 2010). Considering of the volume of wasted food, a shortage occurs. This shortage severely increases the prices for the consumers, but does not increase the income of farmers that originally sell the crop. Therefore, the incomes of the producers are either brackish or decreasing, perpetuating the poverty and hunger cycles. To reduce this waste matter, nosotros suggest a solution to increase the storage and the shelf life of the foods equally outlined in our Food Storage Organisation.
Even with full access to markets, many people cannot buy food because they cannot afford the costs. Consumers cannot purchase plenty food to feed themselves and their families due to the lack of purchasing power and depression incomes. Many farmers neglect to generate an adequate return on their crops, meaning they are unable to earn a sustainable income to pay off their investments. In developed nations, the governments often heavily subsidize the agricultural industry to go far economically viable. Notwithstanding, considering of the heavier budget constraints on developing countries, they fail to alleviate this product brunt. Therefore, even with a large production of food, rampant hunger still exists because of the inability to purchase it. Our solution to these bug is in the Crop Subsidies folio.
Retrieved November 2010 from: http://www.flickr.com/photos/1sock/190287330/in/photostream/)
In that location is a huge disparity in the world between people with adequate food and those starving or malnourished. We are striving to close this gap and let anybody to have access to loftier-quality food in the proper amounts. The root causes of poor distribution include the lack of infrastructure such as markets and transportation routes, unsustainable prices driven by corruption and waste, inefficiency in markets, and poverty. Our solutions focus on reducing these factors to create a globe in which all accept admission to food at affordable prices.
Works cited:
Leathers, H., & Foster, P. (2009). The earth nutrient trouble: toward ending undernutrition in the third world. Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers Inc.
Source: http://12.000.scripts.mit.edu/mission2014/problems/inadequate-food-distribution-systems
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